Highlights
- •There was significant improvement in the periodontal status in smokers after NSPT for up to 6 months.
- •There were significant reductions in metabolic parameters and pro-inflammatory markers in smokers after NSPT for up to 6 months.
- •Smokers not treated with NSPT showed slight increases in metabolic parameters and pro-inflammatory markers.
Abstract
Aim
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and periodontal disease have bilateral associations.
The effect of periodontal treatment on T2D patients who smoke is scarce. This study
aimed to assess the effect of nonsurgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) in periodontitis
smokers with T2D for a duration of 6 months of follow-up.
Materials and methods
Forty moderate to severe periodontitis smokers with T2D were randomly distributed
into two different treatment groups: the test group (NSPT including oral hygiene instructions,
scaling and root planing; and 0.05% Chlorhexidine mouthrinse) and the control group
(treatment including oral hygiene instructions, supragingival removal of plaque and
calculus and 0.05% Chlorhexidine mouthrinse). Periodontal parameters including plaque
index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), periodontal probing depth
(PPD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were examined. Metabolic parameters, including
fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and high-sensitivity
C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were evaluated at baseline and at 1, 3, and 6 months of
follow-up.
Results
The test group significantly improved all periodontal parameters and reduced metabolic
parameters and hs-CRP, whereas improvements in PI and GI were observed in the control
group at 1, 3 and 6 months of follow-up. However, the PPD, CAL, metabolic parameters
and hs-CRP increased in the control group at 3 and 6 months of follow-up, but the
differences were not significant.
Conclusions
NSPT improves the periodontal status of smokers with T2D, has a favorable effect on
glycemic control and reduces pro-inflammatory mediators, which may limit complications
due to T2D in these patients.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: November 11, 2022
Accepted:
November 6,
2022
Received in revised form:
August 27,
2022
Received:
August 10,
2021
Identification
Copyright
© 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
