Abstract
We performed an umbrella review of dose–response meta-analyses of prospective studies
reporting the incidence of type 2 diabetes associated with the consumption of animal-based
foods. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase
according to PRISMA. Thirteen meta-analyses are included in the study providing 175
summary risk ratio estimates. The consumption of 100 g/day of total or red meat, or
50 g/day of processed meat, were associated with an increased risk; RR and 95 % CI
were respectively 1.20, 1.13–1.27; 1.22, 1.14–1.30 and 1.30, 1.22–1.39. White meat
(50 g/day) was associated with an increased risk, but of lesser magnitude (RR 1.04,
95 % CI 1.00–1.08). A risk reduction was reported for 200 g/day of total dairy (RR
0.95, 95 % CI 0.92–0.98) or low-fat dairy (RR 0.96, 95 % CI 0.92–1.00) or milk (RR
0.90, 95 % CI 0.83–0.98), or 100 g/day of yogurt (RR 0.94, 95 % CI 0.90–0.98). No
association with diabetes risk was reported for fish or eggs. In conclusions animal-based
foods have a different association with diabetes risk. To reduce diabetes risk the
consumption of red and processed meat should be restricted; a moderate consumption
of dairy foods, milk and yogurt, can be encouraged; moderate amounts of fish and eggs
are allowed.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: September 02, 2022
Accepted:
August 31,
2022
Received in revised form:
July 29,
2022
Received:
June 21,
2022
Identification
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© 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
