Advertisement
Letter to the Editor| Volume 138, P284-287, April 2018

Skin complications of insulin injections: A case presentation and a possible explanation of hypoglycaemia

Published:February 07, 2018DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2018.02.005

      Abstract

      We are willing to report the case of a woman with type 2 diabetes treated with insulin, 4 shots a day, referring to us for 2 very large pigmented abdominal lipo-hypertrophy (LH) areas due to incorrect injection technique. The ultrasound examination showed the presence of fluid within both LH lesions. Fluid examination showed insulin concentrations 13 times higher than circulating ones. A 12-month long structured training on correct injection techniques normalized metabolic control and took rid of all sudden severe hypoglycemic episodes and the wide glycemic variability. In fact, both LH areas disappeared became softer and slightly smaller and got fluid-free. This is the first case documenting the presence of sort of an insulin reservoir within LH lesions and fluid reabsorption can explain the disappearance of hypoglycemic episodes and the improvement of glycemic control.

      Keyword

      To read this article in full you will need to make a payment

      Purchase one-time access:

      Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online access
      One-time access price info
      • For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
      • For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'

      Subscribe:

      Subscribe to Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
      Already a print subscriber? Claim online access
      Already an online subscriber? Sign in
      Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect

      References

        • Gentile S.
        • Guarino G.
        • Giancaterini A.
        • Guida P.
        • Strollo F.
        • AMD-OSDI Italian Injection Technique Study Group
        A suitable palpation technique allows to identify skin lipohypertrophic lesions in insulin-treated people with diabetes.
        Springerplus. 2016; 5 (Published online 2016 May 5): 563https://doi.org/10.1186/s40064-016-1978-y
        • Strollo F.
        • Gentile S.
        Comment on the new Indian injection technique recommendations: critical appraisal of the real-world implementation of the current guidelines.
        Diabetes Ther. 2017; 8 (Published online 2017 Apr 26): 507-511https://doi.org/10.1007/s13300-017-0262-7
        • Blanco M.
        • Hernandez M.T.
        • Strauss K.W.
        • Amaya M.
        Prevalence and risk factors of lipohypertrophy in insulin-injecting patients with diabetes.
        Diabetes Metab. 2013; 2013 (Epub 2013 Jul 22): 445-453https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabet.2013. 05.006
        • Gentile S.
        • Agrusta M.
        • Guarino G.
        • et al.
        Metabolic consequences of incorrect insulin administration techniques in aging subjects with diabetes.
        Acta Diabetol. 2011; 48: 121-125
        • Strollo F.
        • Guarino G.
        • Armentano V.
        • et al.
        Unexplained hypoglycaemia and large glycaemic variability: skin lipohypertrophy as a predictive sign.
        Diabetes Res Open J. 2016; 2: 24-32https://doi.org/10.17140/DROJ-2-12
      1. Standards of medical care in diabetes-2018. Diabetes Care 2018;41(Suppl 1):S1–159. <http://diabetesed.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/2018-ADA-Standards-of-Care.pdf>.

        • Frid A.H.
        • Kreugel G.
        • Grassi G.
        • Halimi S.
        • Hicks D.
        • Hirsch L.J.
        • et al.
        New insulin delivery recommendations.
        Mayo Clin Proc. 2016; 91 (<http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/>): 1231-1255
      2. Gentile S, Strollo F, De Rosa N, et al. Injection-related local side effects in the treatment of diabetes mellitus: a methodological approach and possible solutions. Consensus statement of AMD-OSDI Study Group on Injection Technique. Diabetic complications. E-Book, November 01, 2016. <http://www.smgebooks.com/diabetic-complications/chapters/DC-16-04.pdf>.

        • Fujikura J.
        • Fujimoto M.
        • Yasue S.
        • Noguchi M.
        • Masuzaki H.
        • Hosoda K.
        • et al.
        Insulin-induced lipohypertrophy: report of a case with histopathology.
        Endocr J. 2005; 52: 623-628