Abstract
Aims
Despite having a high risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), little is known about
the relationship between nutrient intakes and T2DM in South Asians (SA) in the U.S.
In addition, the available data are limited to a few macronutrients and collected
using subjective measures. Therefore, we compared macro- and micro-nutrient intakes
of SA migrants with and without T2DM using an objective measure.
Methods
SA in the U.S. with T2DM (n = 44) and controls (n = 33) reported their dietary intake
using image-assisted dietary assessment method. They took pictures of all foods/drinks
consumed on two weekdays and one weekend day. Age, gender distribution, and body mass
index were similar across the two groups.
Results
SA with T2DM, as compared to controls, consumed less total energy (mean difference:
499 kcal/d; p < .0001), linoleic acid (3.6 g/d; p = .003), dietary fiber (8.6 g/d;
p < .0001), vitamin A (262 µg/d; p = .003), vitamin E (2.7 mg/d; p = .007), calcium
(133 mg/d; p = .01), magnesium (116 mg/d; p < .0001), zinc (1.4 mg/d; p = .004), potassium
(754 mg/d; p < .0001), and β-carotene (1761 µg/d; p = .03). SA with T2DM, as compared
to controls, were significantly more likely not to meet the requirements for linoleic
acid, dietary fiber, vitamin E, calcium, magnesium, zinc, and potassium (p < .05).
Conclusions
SA with T2DM, compared to controls, consume less total energy and have lower consumption
of many nutrients associated with reduced risk of T2DM. Dietary interventions to reduce
risk for T2DM are warranted in SA.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: February 04, 2018
Accepted:
January 23,
2018
Received in revised form:
December 19,
2017
Received:
November 3,
2017
Identification
Copyright
© 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
