Abstract
The circadian clock drives a number of metabolic processes including energy intake,
storage and utilization coupled with the sleep/wake cycles. Globally, the increasing
prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) has become a significant international public
health concern. In view of the heavy societal burden caused by diabetes, and further,
to reduce its growing incidence, it is clearly essential to understand the causes
of this disease and to devise more effective strategies for its treatment. Although
many factors cause T2DM, this article centers on the role of circadian regulation
of metabolism. The correlation between the increased occurrence of T2DM and the ubiquity
of modern social pressures such as 24/7 lifestyles as well as nocturnal lighting conditions
point strongly to the hypothesis that malfunctioning of circadian controls may be
involved in the etiology of the illness. Nocturnal light exposure, unusual timing
of food, irregular sleep/wake schedules and traveling between different time zones
are some of the factors responsible for improper entrainment of the clock. Recent
reports have proposed that strengthening of circadian clock functioning and proper
timing of food intake could stabilize glucose homeostasis. This strategy thus represents
a chronotherapeutic option for non-pharmaceutical intervention in treating T2DM patients.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: August 12, 2014
Accepted:
July 31,
2014
Received in revised form:
May 25,
2014
Received:
November 14,
2013
Identification
Copyright
© 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
