Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
Volume 34, Issue 1 , Pages 29-36 , September 1996

Prevalence of retinopathy in non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus at a diabetes centre in Southern India

Received 21 February 1996 ,Revised 12 August 1996 ,Accepted 16 August 1996.

References 

  1. Zimmet P, Taylor R, Ram P. The prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in the biracial (Melanesian and Indian) population of Fiji: a rural-urban comparison. Am. J. Epidemiol. 1983;118:673–688
  2. Mather HM, Keen H. The Southall diabetes survey: prevalence of known diabetes in Asians and Europeans. Br. Med. J. 1985;291:1081–1084
  3. Ramachandran A, Jali MV, Mohan V, Snehalatha C, Viswanathan M. High prevalence of diabetes in an urban population in South India. Br. Med. J. 1988;297:587–590
  4. Ramachandran A, Snehalatha C, Dharmaraja D, Viswanathan M. Prevalence of glucose intolerance in Asian Indians. Diabetes Care. 1992;15:1348–1355
  5. Mohan V, Alberti KGMM. Diabetes in the tropics. In: 2nd edn.  Alberti KGMM,  Defronzo RA,  Keen H,  Zimmet P editor. International Text Book of Diabetes Mellitus. Chichester: Wiley; 1991;p. 177–196
  6. Mohan V, Ramachandran A, Snehalatha C, Mohan R, Bharani G, Viswanathan M. High prevalence of maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY) among Indians. Diabetes Care. 1985;8:371–374
  7. Mohan V, Sharp PS, Aber V, Mather HM, Kohner EM. Family histories of Asian Indian and European NIDDM patients. Pract. Diabetes (U.K.). 1986;3:254–256
  8. Viswanathan M, Mohan V, Snehalatha C, Ramachandran A. High prevalence of Type 2 (non insulin dependent) diabetes among offspring of conjugal Type 2 diabetic parents in South India. Diabetologia. 1985;28:907–910
  9. Mohan R, Mohan V, Ramachandran A, Viswanathan M. Retinopathy in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in south India. J. Assoc. Phys. India. 1988;36:703–705
  10. Mohan R, Rajendran B, Mohan V, Ramachandran A, Viswanathan M, Kohner EM. Retinopathy in tropical pancreatic diabetes. Arch. Ophthalmol. 1985;3:1487–1489
  11. Mohan R, Kohner EM, Aldington SJ, Nijhar I, Mohan V, Mather HM. Evaluation of a non mydriatic camera in Indian and European diabetic patients. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 1988;72:841–844
  12. Oakley NW, Hill DW, Joplin GF, Kohner EM, Fraser TR. Diabetic retinopathy 1. The assessment of severity and prognosis by comparison with a set of standard photographs. Diabetologia. 1967;3:402–405
  13. Ekoe JM. Diabetes Mellitus. Aspects of the worldwide epidemiology of diabetes mellitus and its long term complications. In: Amsterdam: Elsevier; 1988;p. 186–204
  14. Caird FI, Pirie A, Ramsell TG. The natural history of diabetic retinopathy. In: Diabetes and the Eye. Oxford: Blackwell; 1968;p. 72–100
  15. Dorf A, Ballantyne EJ, Bennett PH, Miller M. Retinopathy in Pima Indians. Relationships to glucose level, duration of diabetes, age at diagnosis of diabetes and age at examination in a population with a high prevalence of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes. 1976;25:554
  16. Burditt AF, Caird FI, Draper GJ. The natural history of diabetic retinopathy. Q. J. Med. 1968;37:303–317
  17. Herman WH, Teutsch SM, Sepe SJ, Sinnock P, Klein R. An approach to the prevention of blindness in diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1983;6:608–663
  18. Kohner EM, Oakley NW. Diabetic retinopathy. Metabolism. 1975;24:1085–1102
  19. Klein R, Klein BEK, Moss SE, Davis MD, DeMets DL. The Wisconsin Epidemiological Study of Diabetic Retinopathy III. Prevalence and risk of diabetic retinopathy when age at diagnosis is 30 or more years. Arch. Ophthalmol. 1984;102:527–532
  20. Klein R, Klein BEK, Moss SE, Davis MD, DeMets DL. The Wisconsin Epidemiology Study of Diabetic Retinopathy II. Prevalence and risk of diabetic retinopathy when age at diagnosis is less than 30 years. Arch. Ophthalmol. 1984;102:520–526
  21. Kohner EM, McLeod D, Marshall J. Diabetic eye disease. In:  Keen H,  Jarrett RJ editor. Complications of Diabetes. London: Edward Arnold; 1982;p. 19–108
  22. Ramachandran A, Snehalatha C, Vijay V, Viswanathan M. Diabetic retinopathy at the time of diagnosis of NIDDM in south Indian subjects. Diab. Res. Clin. Pract. 1996;32:111–114
  23. Wirta OR, Pasternack AI, Oska HH, et al.  Occurance of late specific complications in Type II (Non Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus). J. Diab. Complications. 1995;9:177–185
  24. Collins VR, Gowse GK, Plehwe WE, et al.  High prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy in Polynesians of Western Samoa. Diabetes Care. 1995;18:1140–1149
  25. DCCT Research Group. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long term complications in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. N. Eng. J. Med. 1993;329:977–986
  26. Bodansky HJ, Cudworth AG, Drury PL, Kohner EM. Risk factors associated with severe proliferative retinopathy in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 1982;5:97–100
  27. Lloyd CE, Orchard TJ. Diabetes Complications: The Renal-Retinal link. Diabetes Care. 1995;18:1034–1036
  28. Agardh E, Tallroth G, Bauer B, Cavallin-Sjoberg U. Retinopathy and nephropathy in insulin dependent diabetics: an inconsistent relationship?. Diab. Med. 1987;4:248–250

PII: S0168-8227(96)01327-7

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
Volume 34, Issue 1 , Pages 29-36 , September 1996