Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
Volume 87, Issue 2 , Pages 246-251 , February 2010

Evaluation of a simple policy for pre- and post-prandial blood glucose self-monitoring in people with type 2 diabetes not on insulin

Received 15 October 2009 ,Accepted 26 October 2009.

References 

  1. American Diabetes Association . Standards of medical care in diabetes-2008. Diabetes Care. 2008;31:S5–S54
  2. Gerich JE. Clinical significance, pathogenesis, and management of postprandial hyperglycemia. Arch. Intern. Med. 2003;163:1306–1316
  3. Ceriello A, Hanefeld M, Leiter L, Monnier L, Moses A, Owens D, et al. Postprandial glucose regulation and diabetic complications. Arch. Intern. Med. 2004;164:2090–2095
  4. Ceriello A. Postprandial hyperglycemia and diabetes complications: is it time to treat?. Diabetes. 2005;54:1–7
  5. Colette C, Monnier L. Acute fluctuations and chronic sustained hyperglycemia as risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes. Horm. Metab. Res. 2007;39:683–686
  6. Hanefeld M, Fischer S, Julius U, Schulze J, Schwanebeck U, Schmechel H, et al. Risk factors for myocardial infarction and death in newly detected NIDDM: the Diabetes Intervention Study, 11-year follow-up. Diabetologia. 1996;39:1577–1583
  7. Cavalot F, Petrelli A, Traversa M, Bonomo K, Fiora E, Conti M, et al. Postprandial blood glucose is a stronger predictor of cardiovascular events than fasting blood glucose in type 2 diabetes mellitus, particularly in women. Lessons from the San Luigi Gonzaga Diabetes Study. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2006;91:813–819
  8. Esposito K, Ciotola M, Carneo D, Schisano B, Sardelli L, Di Tommaso D, et al. Post-meal glucose peaks at home associate with carotid intima-media thickness in type 2 diabetes. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2008;93:1345–1350
  9. Monnier L, Colette C, Boniface H. Contribution of postprandial glucose to chronic hyperglycaemia: from the “glucose triad” to the trilogy of “sevens”. Diabetes Metab. 2006;32:2S11–16
  10. International Diabetes Federation, Guideline for management of postmeal glucose, 2007, 1–29, http://www.idf.org.
  11. Gerich JE, Odawara M, Terauchi Y. The rationale for paired pre- and postprandial self-monitoring of blood glucose: the role of glycemic variability in micro- and macrovascular risk. Curr. Med. Res. Opin. 2007;23:1791–1798
  12. Ipp E, Aquino RL, Christenson P. Point: self-monitoring of blood glucose in type 2 diabetic patients not receiving insulin: the sanguine approach. Diabetes Care. 2005;28:1528–1530
  13. Davidson MB. Counterpoint: self monitoring of blood glucose in type 2 diabetic patients not receiving insulin: a waste of money. Diabetes Care. 2005;28:1531–1533
  14. Welschen LMC, Bloemendal E, Nijpels G, Dekker JM, Heine RJ, Stalman WAB, et al. Self-monitoring of blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes who are not using insulin. Diabetes Care. 2005;28:1510–1517
  15. Jansen JP. Self-monitoring of glucose in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a Bayesian meta-analysis of direct and indirect comparisons. Curr. Med. Res. Opin. 2006;22:671–681
  16. Stratton IM, Adler AI, Neil HA, Mattews DR, Manley SE, Cull CA, et al. Association of glycaemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35): prospective observational study. BMJ. 2000;321:405–412
  17. McGeoch G, Derry S, Moore RA. Self-monitoring of blood glucose in type 2 diabetes: what is the evidence?. Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev. 2007;23:423–440
  18. McAndrew L, Schneider SH, Burns E, Leventhal H. Does patient blood glucose monitoring improve diabetes control? A systematic review of the literature. Diabetes Educ. 2007;33:991–1011
  19. Italian Standards for Diabetes Mellitus 2007 http://www.siditalia.it.
  20. Shah BR, Hux JE, Laupacis A, Zinman B, van Walraven C. Clinical inertia in response to inadequate glycemic control: do specialists differ from primary care physicians?. Diabetes Care. 2005;28:600–606
  21. Trovati M, Burzacca S, Mularoni E, Massucco P, Cavalot F, Mattiello L, et al. Occurrence of low blood glucose concentrations during the afternoon in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients on oral hypoglycaemic agents: importance of blood glucose monitoring. Diabetologia. 1991;34:662–667
  22. Trovati M, Ponziani MC, Massucco P, Anfossi G, Mularoni EM, Burzacca S, et al. Blood glucose pre-prandial baseline decreases from morning to evening in type 2 diabetes: role of fasting blood glucose and influence on postprandial excursions. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 2002;32:179–186
  23. Palmer AJ, Dinneen S, Gavin JR, Gray A, Herman WH, Karter AJ. Cost-utility analysis in a UK setting of self-monitoring of blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes. Curr. Med. Res. Opin. 2006;22:861–872
  24. Bonora E, Corrao G, Bagnardi B, Ceriello A, Comaschi M, Montanari P, et al. Prevalence and correlates of post-prandial hyperglycaemia in a large sample of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia. 2006;49:846–854
  25. Rivellese AA, Boemi M, Cavalot F, Costagliola L, De Feo P, Miccoli R, et al. Mind-It Study Group, Dietary habits in type II diabetes mellitus: how is adherence to dietary recommendations?. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 2008;62:660–664
  26. Vaccaro O, Boemi M, Cavalot F, De Feo P, Miccoli R, Patti L, et al. MIND-IT Study Group. Atherosclerosis. 2008;198:396–402
  27. Karter AJ, Parker MM, Moffet HH, Spence MM, Chan J, Ettner SL, et al. Longitudinal study of new and prevalent use of self-monitoring of blood glucose. Diabetes Care. 2006;29:1757–1763
  28. Leiter LA, Ceriello A, Davidson JA, Hanefeld M, Monnier L, Owens DR, et al. International Prandial Glucose Regulation Study Group. Postprandial glucose regulation: new data and new indications. Clin. Ther. 2005;27:S42–56

☆ Grant support: This study has been carried out with a grant of Regione Piemonte to Mariella Trovati.

PII: S0168-8227(09)00469-0

doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2009.10.021

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
Volume 87, Issue 2 , Pages 246-251 , February 2010

Article Tools