Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
Volume 86, Issue 3 , Pages 199-207 , December 2009

Ultrastructural changes in the glomerular filtration barrier and occurrence of proteinuria in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy

Received 21 July 2009 ,Revised 25 August 2009 ,Accepted 8 September 2009.

References 

  1. Marshall SM. Recent advances in diabetic nephropathy. Clin. Med. 2004;4(3):277–282
  2. Dikow R, Ritz E. The patient with diabetes mellitus. In: 3rd ed..  Davison AM,  Cameron JS, et al. editor. Oxford Textbook of Clinical Nephrology. vol. 2:New York: Oxford University Press Inc; 2005;p. 659–678
  3. Lu B, Song X, Dong X, Yang Y, Zhang Z, Wen J, et al. High prevalence of chronic kidney disease in population-based patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes in downtown Shanghai. J. Diabet. Complications. 2008;22(March–April (2)):96–103
  4. Jensen EB, Gundersen HJ, Osterby R. Determination of membrane thickness distribution from orthogonal intercepts. J. Microsc. 1979;115(1):19–33
  5. Weibei ER. Stereological Methods: Practical Methods for Biological Morphometry. London: Academic Press; 1979;
  6. Parving HH, Gall MA, Skøtt P, Jørgensen HE, Løkkegaard H, Jørgensen F, et al. Prevalence and causes of albuminuria in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Kidney Int. 1992;41(4):758–762
  7. Amoah E, Glickman JL, Malchoff CD, Sturgill BC, Kaiser DL, Bolton WK. Clinical identification of nondiabetic renal disease in diabetic patients with type I and type II disease presenting with renal dysfunction. Am. J. Nephrol. 1988;8(3):204–211
  8. Keane WF, Brenner BM, de Zeeuw D, Grunfeld JP, McGill J, Mitch WE, et al. The risk of developing end-stage renal disease in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy: the RENAAL study. Kidney Int. 2003;63(4):1499–1507
  9. Zhou BF For the Cooperative Meta-Analysis Group of the Working Group on Obesity in China. Predictive values of body mass index and waist circumference for risk factors of certain related diseases in Chinese adults—study on optimal cut-off points of body mass index and waist circumference. Biomed. Environ. Sci. 2002;15:83–96
  10. White KE, Bilious RW. Estimation of podocyte number: a comparison of methods. Kidney Int. 2004;66(2):663–667
  11. Steffes MW, Schmidt D, McCrery R, Basgen JM International Diabetic Nephropathy Study Group. Glomerular cell number in normal subjects and in type 1 diabetic patients. Kidney Int. 2001;59:2104–2113
  12. van den Berg JG, van den Bergh Weerman MA, Assmann KJ, Weening JJ, Florquin S. Podocyte foot process effacement is not correlated with the level of proteinuria in human glomerulopathies. Kidney Int. 2004;66(5):1901–1906
  13. Lane PH, Steffes MW, Mauer SM. Estimation of glomerular volume: a comparison of four methods. Kidney Int. 1992;41(4):1085–1089
  14. Dalla Vestra M, Masiero A, Roiter AM, Saller A, Crepaldi G, Fioretto P. Is podocyte injury relevant in diabetic nephropathy? Studies in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes. 2003;52(4):1031–1035
  15. White KE, Marshall SM, Bilous RW. Are glomerular volume differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients pathologically significant?. Diabetologia. 2007;50(May (5)):906–912(Epub 2007 February 27)
  16. Latta H. An approach to the structure and function of the glomerular mesangium. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 1992;2(April (Suppl. 10)):S65–S73
  17. Jeansson M, Haraldsson B. Morphological and functional evidence for an important role of the endothelial cell glycocalyx in the glomerular barrier. Am. J. Physiol. Renal. Physiol. 2006;290(1):F111–F116(Epub 2005 August 9)
  18. Bangstad HJ, Osterby R, Dahl-Jørgensen K, Berg KJ, Hartmann A, Nyberg G, et al. Early glomerulopathy is present in young, type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with microalbuminuria. Diabetologia. 1993;36(June (6)):523–529
  19. White KE, Bilous RW. Type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy show structural–functional relationships that are similar to type 1 disease. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2000;11(September (9)):1667–1673
  20. Pagtalunan ME, Miller PL, Jumping-Eagle S, Nelson RG, Myers BD, Rennke HG. Podocyte loss and progressive glomerular injury in type II diabetes. J. Clin. Invest. 1997;99(January (2)):342–348
  21. Caramori ML, Kim Y, Huang C, Fish AJ, Rich SS, Miller ME, et al. Cellular basis of diabetic nephropathy: 1. Study design and renal structural–functional relationships in patients with long-standing type 1 diabetes. Diabetes. 2002;51(2):506–513
  22. Kim Y, Kleppel MM, Butkowski R, Mauer SM, Wieslander J, Michael AF. Differential expression of basement membrane collagen chains in diabetic nephropathy. Am. J. Pathol. 1991;138(2):413–420
  23. Chen S, Kasama Y, Lee JS, Jim B, Marin M, Ziyadeh FN. Podocyte-derived vascular endothelial growth factor mediates the stimulation of alpha3(IV) collagen production by transforming growth factor-beta1 in mouse podocytes. Diabetes. 2004;53(11):2939–2949
  24. Chen S, Lee JS, Iglesias-de la Cruz MC, Wang A, Izquierdo-Lahuerta A, Gandhi NK, et al. Angiotensin II stimulates alph3(IV) collagen production in mouse podocytes via TGF-beta and VEGF signalling: implications for diabetic glomerulopathy. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 2005;20(7):1320–1328(Epub 2005 April 19)
  25. Jefferson JA, Shankland SJ, Pichler RH. Proteinuria in diabetic kidney disease: a mechanistic viewpoint. Kidney Int. 2008;74(1):22–36
  26. Jarad G, Cunningham J, Shaw AS, Miner JH. Proteinuria precedes podocyte abnormalities in Lamb2−/− mice, implicating the glomerular basement membrane as an albumin barrier. J. Clin. Invest. 2006;116(August (8)):2272–2279
  27. Zheng CX, Chen ZH, Zeng CH, Qin WS, Li LS, Liu ZH. Triptolide protects podocytes from puromycin aminonucleoside induced injury in vivo and in vitro. Kidney Int. 2008;74(September (5)):596–612(Epub 2008 May 28)
  28. Bjorn SF, Bangstad HJ, Hanssen KF, Nyberg G, Walker JD, Viberti GC, et al. Glomerular epithelial foot processes and filtration slits in IDDM patients. Diabetologia. 1995;38(10):1197–1204
  29. Blum S, Nakhoul F, Khankin E, Abassi Z. Renal slit diaphragm—the open zipper and the failing heart. Isr. Med. Assoc. J. 2007;9(2):107–111
  30. Smithies O. Why the kidney glomerulus does not clog: a gel permeation/diffusion hypothesis of renal function. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2003;100:4108–4113
  31. White KE, Bilous RW Diabiopsies Study Group. Structural alterations to the podocyte are related to proteinuria in type 2 diabetic patients. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 2004;19(June (6)):1437–1440(Epub 2004 February 19)
  32. Mundel P, Sharkland SJ. Podocyte biology and response to injury. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2002;13:3005–3015
  33. Durvasula RV, Petermann AT, Hiromura K, Blonski M, Pippin J, Mundel P, et al. Activation of a local tissue angiotensin system in podocytes by mechanical strain. Kidney Int. 2004;65(1):30–39
  34. Durvasula RV, Shankland SJ. Mechanical strain increases SPARC levels in podocytes: implications for glomerulosclerosis. Am. J. Physiol. Renal. Physiol. 2005;289(3):F577–F584
  35. Iglesias-de la Cruz MC, Ziyadeh FN, Isono M, Kouahou M, Han DC, Kalluri R, et al. Effects of high glucose and TGF-β1 on the expression of collagen IV and vascular endothelial growth factorin mouse podocytes. Kidney Int. 2002;62(September (3)):901–913
  36. Chen HC, Chen CA, Guh JY, Chang JM, Shin SJ, Lai YH. Altering expression of alpha3beta1 integrin on podocytes of human and rats with diabetes. Life Sci. 2000;67:2345–2353
  37. Meyer TW, Bennett PH, Nelson RG. Podocyte number predicts long-term urinary albumin excretion in Pima Indians with Type II diabetes and microalbuminuria. Diabetologia. 1999;42(November (11)):1341–1344

PII: S0168-8227(09)00381-7

doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2009.09.009

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
Volume 86, Issue 3 , Pages 199-207 , December 2009