Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
Volume 77, Issue 1 , Pages 99-106 , July 2007

Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among Korean adults using the new International Diabetes Federation definition and the new abdominal obesity criteria for the Korean people

  • Hee Man Kim

      Affiliations

    • Division of Health and Hygiene, Gwangju City Hall, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
    • Management Center for Health Promotion, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
  • ,
  • Dae Jung Kim

      Affiliations

    • Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
  • ,
  • In Hyun Jung

      Affiliations

    • Division of Cardiology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
  • ,
  • Chanwang Park

      Affiliations

    • Management Center for Health Promotion, Korea Institute of Health and Social Affairs, Gwacheon, Republic of Korea
  • ,
  • Jong Park

      Affiliations

    • Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, 375 Seoseok-dong, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +82 62 230 6482; fax: +82 62 225 8293.

Received 15 May 2006 ,Accepted 11 October 2006.

References 

  1. Kannel WB, Cupples LA, Ramaswami R, Stokes J, Kreger BE, Higgins M. Regional obesity and risk of cardiovascular disease: the Framingham Study. J. Clin. Epidemiol. 1991;44:183–190
  2. Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults . Executive summary of the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA. 2001;285:2486–2497
  3. WHO Expert Consultation . Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its complications for policy and intervention strategies. Lancet. 2004;363:157–163
  4. WHO Western Pacific Region, International Association for the Study of Obesity Task Force . The Asia-Pacific Perspective: Redefining Obesity and its Treatment. Sydney, Australia: Health Communications Australia; 2000;pp. 15–21
  5. Lee WY, Park JS, Noh SY, Rhee EJ, Kim SW, Zimmet PZ. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among 40,698 Korean metropolitan subjects. Diab. Res. Clin. Pract. 2004;65:143–149
  6. Kim MH, Kim MK, Choi BY, Shin YJ. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its association with cardiovascular diseases in Korea. J. Korean Med. Sci. 2004;19:195–201
  7. Yoon YS, Oh SW, Baik HW, Park HS, Kim WY. Alcohol consumption and the metabolic syndrome in Korean adults: the 1998 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2004;80:217–224
  8. Choi SH, Ahn CW, Cha BS, Chung YS, Lee KW, Lee HC, et al. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in Korean adults: comparison of WHO and NCEP criteria. Yonsei Med. J. 2005;46:198–205
  9. Lim S, Lee HK, Park KS, Cho SI. Changes in the characteristics of metabolic syndrome in Korea over the period 1998–2001 as determined by Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Diab. Care. 2005;28:1810–1812
  10. Oh SW, Yoon YS, Lee ES, WK K, Park C, Lee S, et al. Association between cigarette smoking and metabolic syndrome: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Diab. Care. 2005;28:2064–2066
  11. International Diabetes Federation. The IDF consensus worldwide definition of the metabolic syndrome (available from www.idf.org/webdata/docs/IDF_metasyndrome_definition.pdf, accessed November 7, 2005).
  12. Lee SY, Park HS, Kim DJ, Han JH, Kim SM, Cho GJ, et al. Appropriate waist circumference cutoff points for central obesity in Korean adults. Diab. Res. Clin. Pract. 2007;77:113–119
  13. Park HS, Lee SY, Kim SM, Han JH, Kim DJ. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among Korean adults according to the criteria of International Diabetes Federation. Diab. Care. 2006;29:933–934
  14. Yoon YS, Lee ES, Park C, Lee S, Oh SW. The new definition of metabolic syndrome by the international diabetes federation is less likely to identify metabolically abnormal but non-obese individuals than the definition by the revised national cholesterol education program: the Korea NHANES Study. Int. J. Obes. 2007;31:528–534
  15. Athyros VG, Ganotakis ES, Elisaf M, Mikhailidis DP. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome using the National Cholesterol Educational Program and International Diabetes Federation definitions. Curr. Med. Res. Opin. 2005;21:1157–1159
  16. Adams RJ, Appleton S, Wilson DH, Taylor AW, Grande ED, Chittleborough C, et al. Population comparison of two clinical approaches to the metabolic syndrome: implications of the new International Diabetes Federation consensus definition. Diab. Care. 2005;28:2777–2779
  17. Ford ES. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome defined by the international diabetes federation among adults in the US. Diab. Care. 2005;28:2745–2749
  18. Guerrero-Romero F, Rodriguez-Moran M. Concordance between the 2005 International Diabetes Federation definition for diagnosing metabolic syndrome with the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III and the World Health Organization Definitions. Diab. Care. 2005;28:2588–2589
  19. Lawlor DA, Smith GD, Ebrahim S. Dose the new International Diabetes Federation definition of the metabolic syndrome predict CHD any more strongly than older definitions? Findings from the British Women's Heart and Health Study. Diabetologia. 2005;23:1–8
  20. Katzmarzyk PT, Janssen I, Ross R, Church TS, Blair SN. The importance of waist circumference in the definition of metabolic syndrome: prospective analyses of mortality in men. Diab. Care. 2006;29:404–409
  21. Saely CH, Koch L, Schmid F, Marte T, Aczel S, Langer P, et al. Adult Treatment Panel III 2001 but not International Diabetes Federation 2005 criteria of the metabolic syndrome predict clinical cardiovascular events in subjects who underwent coronary angiography. Diab. Care. 2006;29:901–907
  22. Onat A, Ceyhan K, Basar O, Erer B, Toprak S, Sansoy V. Metabolic syndrome: major impact on coronary risk in a population with low cholesterol levels: a prospective and cross-sectional evaluation. Atherosclerosis. 2002;165:285–292
  23. Lakka HM, Laaksonen DE, Lakka TA, Niskanen LK, Kumpusalo E, Tuomilehto J, et al. The metabolic syndrome and total and cardiovascular disease mortality in middle-aged men. JAMA. 2002;288:2709–2716
  24. Katzmarzyk PT, Church TS, Blair SN. Cardiorespiratory fitness attenuates the effects of the metabolic syndrome on all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortaltity in men. Arch. Intern. Med. 2004;164:1092–1097
  25. McNeil AM, Rosamond WD, Girman CJ, Golden SH, Schmidt MI, East HE, et al. The metabolic syndrome and 11-year risk of incident cardiovascular disease in the atherosclerosis risk in communities study. Diab. Care. 2005;28:385–390
  26. Ford ES. Risks for all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes associated with the metabolic syndrome: a summary of the evidence. Diab. Care. 2005;28:1769–1778
  27. Reeder BA, Senthilselvan A, Despres JP, Angel A, Liu L, Wang H, et al. The association of cardiovascular disease risk factors with abdominal obesity in Canada. Canadian Heart Health Surveys Research Group. Can. Med. Assoc. J. 1997;157:S39–S45
  28. Kim DM, Ahn CW, Nam SY. Prevalence of obesity in Korea. Obes. Rev. 2005;6:117–121
  29. Lee KM. Waist circumference as a screening tool for cardiovascular risk factors in Korea: evaluation of receiver operating characteristics (ROC). J. Korean Acad. Fam. Med. 2000;21:395–405Korean
  30. Park HS, Yun YS, Park JY, Kim YS, Choi JM. Obesity, abdominal obesity, and clustering of cardiovascular risk factors in South Korea. Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr. 2003;12:411–418
  31. Hong YS, Kim BG, Jeong BG, Park YW, Park JT, Jung KY, et al. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and waist circumference estimation in some Korean adults. Korean J. Prev. Med. 2004;37:51–58(in Korean)

PII: S0168-8227(06)00475-X

doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2006.10.009

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
Volume 77, Issue 1 , Pages 99-106 , July 2007