Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
Volume 76, Issue 2 , Pages 223-228 , May 2007

Increased prevalence of VNTR III of the insulin gene in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)

  • Hariklia Litou

      Affiliations

    • Endocrine Unit, Evgenideion Hospital, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra University Hospital, 115 28 Athens, Greece
    • ,
  • Eleni Anastasiou

      Affiliations

    • Athens University School of Medicine, 1st Endocrine Section & Diabetes Centre, Alexandra University Hospital, 115 28 Athens, Greece
    • ,
  • Louminitsa Thalassinou

      Affiliations

    • Endocrine Unit, Evgenideion Hospital, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra University Hospital, 115 28 Athens, Greece
    • ,
  • Helen-Leda Sarika

      Affiliations

    • Athens University School of Medicine, 1st Endocrine Section & Diabetes Centre, Alexandra University Hospital, 115 28 Athens, Greece
    • ,
  • George Philippou

      Affiliations

    • Athens University School of Medicine, 1st Endocrine Section & Diabetes Centre, Alexandra University Hospital, 115 28 Athens, Greece
    • ,
  • Maria Alevizaki

      Affiliations

    • Endocrine Unit, Evgenideion Hospital, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra University Hospital, 115 28 Athens, Greece
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author at: Endocrine Unit, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra University Hospital, 51, Ioannou Theologou, 15 773 Athens, Greece. Tel.: +30 210 3381392; fax: +30 210 7704143.

Received 11 January 2006 ,Revised 18 June 2006 ,Accepted 29 August 2006.

References 

  1. Pendegrass M, Fazioni E, DeFronzo R. NIDDM and GDM: same disease, another name?. Diabetes Rev. 1995;3:566–583
  2. Buchanan TA. Pancreatic B-cell defects in gestational diabetes: implications for the pathogenesis and prevention of type 2 diabetes. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2001;86:989–993
  3. Anastasiou E, Alevizaki M, Grigorakis SJ, Philippou G, Kyprianou M, Souvatzoglou A. Decreased stature in gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia. 1998;41:997–1001
  4. Alevizaki M, Thalassinou L, Grigorakis SI, Philippou G, Lili K, Souvatzoglou A, et al. Study of the Trp64Arg polymorphism of the beta3-adrenergic receptor in Greek women with gestational diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2003;23:1079–1083
  5. Alevizaki M, Anastasiou E, Thalassinou L, Grigorakis SI, Philippou G, Souvatzoglou A. Absence of the S20G mutation of the amylin gene in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Diabetologia. 1997;40(Suppl. 1):A167;(abstract)
  6. Chen Y, Liao WX, Roy AC, Loganath A, Ng SC. Mitochondrial gene mutations in gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Res. Clin. Practice. 2000;48:29–35
  7. Rissanen J, Markkanen A, Karkkainen P, Pihlajamaki J, Kekalainen P, Mykkanen L, et al. Sulfonylurea receptor 1 gene variants are associated with gestational diabetes and type 2 diabetes but not with altered secretion of insulin. Diabetes Care. 2000;23:70–73
  8. Lauenborg L, Damm PP, Ek JJ, Glumer CC, Jorgensen TT, Borch-Johnsen K, et al. Studies of the Ala/Val98 polymorphism of the hepatocyte nuclear factor-1alpha gene and the relationship to beta-cell function during an OGTT in glucose-tolerant women with and without previous gestational diabetes mellitus. Diab. Med. 2004;21:1310–1315
  9. Shaat N, Ekelund M, Lernmark A, Ivarsson S, Nilsson A, Perfekt R, et al. Genotypic and phenotypic differences between Arabian and Scandinavian women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia. 2004;47:878–884
  10. Shaat N, Ekelund M, Lernmark A, Ivarsson S, Almgren P, Berntorp K, et al. Association of the E23K polymorphism in the KCNJ11 gene with gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia. 2005;48:2544–2551
  11. Bell GI, Horita S, Karam JH. A polymorphic locus near the human insulin gene is associated with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Diabetes. 1984;33:176–183
  12. Bennett ST, Wilson AJ, Cucca F, Nerup J, Pociot F, McKinney PA, et al. IDDM2-VNTR-encoded susceptibility to type 1 diabetes: dominant protection and parental transmission of alleles of the insulin gene-linked minisatellite locus. J. Autoimmun. 1996;9:415–421
  13. Vafiadis P, Bennett ST, Colle E, Grabs R, Goodyer CG, Polychronakos C. Imprinted and genotype-specific expression of genes at the IDDM2 locus in pancreas and leucocytes. J. Autoimmun. 1996;9:397–403
  14. Cocozza S, Riccardi G, Monticelli A, Capaldo B, Genovese S, Krogh V, et al. Polymorphism at the 5′ end flanking region of the insulin gene is associated with reduced insulin secretion in healthy individuals. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 1988;18:582–586
  15. Bennett ST, Lucassen AM, Gough SC, Powell EE, Undlien DE, Pritchard LE, et al. Susceptibility to human type 1 diabetes at IDDM2 is determined by tandem repeat variation at the insulin gene minisatellite locus. Nat. Genet. 1995;9:284–292
  16. Barratt BJ, Payne F, Lowe CE, Hermann R, Healy BC, Harold D, et al. Remapping the insulin gene/IDDM2 locus in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes. 2004;53:1884–1889
  17. Anjos S, Polychronakos C. Mechanisms of genetic susceptibility to type I diabetes: beyond HLA. Mol. Genet. Metab. 2004;81:187–195
  18. Pugliese A, Zeller M, Fernandez A, Zalcberg LG, Bartlett RJ, Ricordi C, et al. The insulin gene is transcribed in the human thymus and transcription levels correlated with allelic variation at the INS VNTR-IDDM2 susceptibility locus for type 1 diabetes. Nat. Genet. 1997;15:293–297
  19. Ong KK, Phillips DI, Fall C, Poulton J, Bennett ST, Golding JJ, et al. The insulin gene VNTR, type 2 diabetes and birth weight. Nat. Genet. 1999;21:262–263
  20. Huxtable SJ, Saker PJ, Haddad L, Walker M, Frayling TM, Levy JC, et al. Analysis of parent–offspring trios provides evidence for linkage and association between the insulin gene and type 2 diabetes mediated exclusively through paternally transmitted class III variable number tandem repeat alleles. Diabetes. 2000;49:126–130
  21. Le Stunff C, Fallin D, Schork NJ, Bougneres P. The insulin gene VNTR is associated with fasting insulin levels and development of juvenile obesity. Nat. Genet. 2000;26:444–446
  22. Undlien DE, Berg JP. Common variants in the regulatory region of the insulin gene are associated with fasting plasma insulin levels in juvenile obesity. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 2001;144:457–459
  23. Waterworth DM, Bennett ST, Gharani N, McCarthy MI, Hague S, Batty S, et al. Linkage and association of insulin gene VNTR regulatory polymorphism with polycystic ovary syndrome. Lancet. 1997;349:986–990
  24. Michelmore K, Ong K, Mason S, Bennett S, Perry L, Vessey M, et al. Clinical features in women with polycystic ovaries: relationships to insulin sensitivity, insulin gene VNTR and birth weight. Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf.). 2001;55:439–446
  25. Dunger DB, Ong KK, Huxtable SJ, Sherriff A, Woods KA, Ahmed ML, et al. Association of the INS VNTR with size at birth. ALSPAC Study Team. Avon Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood. Nat. Genet. 1998;19:98–100
  26. Mitchell SM, Hattersley AT, Knight B, Turner T, Metcalf BS, Voss LD, et al. Lack of support for a role of the insulin gene variable number of tandem repeats minisatellite (INS-VNTR) locus in fetal growth or type 2 diabetes-related intermediate traits in United Kingdom populations. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2004;89:310–317
  27. Bennett AJ, Sovio U, Ruokonen A, Martikainen H, Pouta A, Taponen S, et al. Variation at the insulin gene VNTR (Variable Number Tandem Repeat) polymorphism and early growth: studies in a large Finnish birth cohort. Diabetes. 2004;53:2126–2131
  28. Powell BL, Haddad L, Bennett A, Gharani N, Sovio U, Groves CJ, et al. Analysis of multiple data sets reveals no association between the insulin gene variable number tandem repeat element and polycystic ovary syndrome or related traits. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2005;90:2988–2993
  29. Hansen SK, Gjesing AP, Rasmussen SK, Glumer C, Urhammer SA, Andersen G, et al. Large-scale studies of the HphI insulin gene variable-number-of-tandem-repeats polymorphism in relation to Type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin release. Diabetologia. 2004;47:1079–1087
  30. Bennett A, Sovio U, Ruokonen A, Martikainen H, Pouta A, Taponen S, et al. No association between insulin gene variation and adult metabolic phenotypes in a large Finnish birth cohort. Diabetologia. 2005;48:886–891
  31. ADA Position Statement: gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2000;23(Suppl. 1):S77–S79
  32. Dupont WD, Plummer WD. Power and sample size calculations: a review and computer program. Control. Clin. Trials. 1990;11:116–128
  33. Ibanez L, Ong K, Potau N, Marcos MV, de Zegher F, Dunger D. Insulin gene variable number of tandem repeat genotype and the low birth weight, precocious pubarche, and hyperinsulinism sequence. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2001;86:5788–5793
  34. Weaver JU, Kopelman PG, Hitman GA. Central obesity and hyperinsulinaemia in women are associated with polymorphism in the 5′ flanking region of the human insulin gene. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 1992;22:265–270
  35. Ryan EA, Enns L. Role of gestational hormones in the induction of insulin resistance. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1988;67:341–347
  36. Grigorakis SI, Alevizaki M, Beis C, Anastasiou E, Alevizaki CC, Souvatzoglou A. Hormonal parameters in gestational diabetes mellitus during the third trimester: high glucagon levels. Gynecol. Obstetric Invest. 2000;49:106–109
  37. Meigs JB, Dupuis J, Herbert AG, Liu C, Wilson PW, Cupples LA. The insulin gene variable number tandem repeat and risk of type 2 diabetes in a population-based sample of families and unrelated men and women. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2005;90:1137–1143
  38. Thorsby PM, Berg JB, Birkeland KI. Insulin gene variable number of tandem repeats is associated with increased fat mass during adolescence in non-obese girls. Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 2005;65:163–168
  39. Waterworth DM, Jansen H, Nicaud V, Humphries SE, Talmud PJ, on behalf of the EARSII study group . Interaction between insulin (VNTR) and hepatic lipase (LIPC-514C>T) variants on the response to an oral glucose tolerance test in the EARSII group of young healthy men. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 2005;1740:375–381

PII: S0168-8227(06)00384-6

doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2006.08.016

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
Volume 76, Issue 2 , Pages 223-228 , May 2007

Article Tools