Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
Volume 61, Issue 2 , Pages 133-136 , August 2003

Diabetic retinopathy in Euro-Brazilian type 2 diabetic patients: relationship with polymorphisms in the aldose reductase, the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase genes

  • Katia G. Santos

      Affiliations

    • Department of Genetics, Instituto de Biociencias, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Caixa Postal 15053, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
    • ,
  • Balduino Tschiedel

      Affiliations

    • Endocrinology Service, Grupo Hospitalar Conceição, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
    • ,
  • João Schneider

      Affiliations

    • Ophthalmology Service, Grupo Hospitalar Conceição, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
    • ,
  • Katia Souto

      Affiliations

    • Endocrinology Service, Grupo Hospitalar Conceição, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
    • ,
  • Israel Roisenberg

      Affiliations

    • Department of Genetics, Instituto de Biociencias, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Caixa Postal 15053, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +55-51-3316-6736; fax: +55-51-3316-7311

Received 11 April 2002 ,Revised 13 March 2003 ,Accepted 16 April 2003.

References 

  1. American Diabetes Association. Diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Care. 2000;23(Suppl. 1):S73–S76
  2. Newfield RS, Polak M, Marchase R, Czernichow P. Epidemiology and genetics of diabetic complications. Diabetologia. 1997;40(Suppl. 3):B62–B64
  3. den Enden MKV, Nyengaard JR, Ostrow E, Burgan JH, Williamson JR. Elevated glucose levels increase retinal glycolysis and sorbitol pathway metabolism: implications for diabetic retinopathy. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 1995;36:1675–1685
  4. Kao YL, Donaghue K, Chan A, Knight J, Silink M. A novel polymorphism in the aldose reductase gene promoter region is strongly associated with diabetic retinopathy in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes. 1999;48:1338–1340
  5. Demaine A, Cross D, Millward A. Polymorphisms of the aldose reductase gene and susceptibility to retinopathy in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2000;41:4064–4068
  6. Margaglione M, Capucci G, d'Addedda M, et al.  PAI-1 plasma levels in a general population without clinical evidence of atherosclerosis: relation to environmental and genetic determinants. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 1998;18:562–567
  7. Nagi DK, McCormack LJ, Mohamed-Ali V, Yudkin JS, Knowler WC, Grant PJ. Diabetic retinopathy, promoter (4G/5G) polymorphism of PAI-1 gene, and PAI-1 activity in Pima Indians with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1997;20:1304–1309
  8. Wong TYH, Poon P, Szeto CC, Chan JCN, Li PKT. Association of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 4G/4G genotype and type 2 diabetic nephropathy in Chinese patients. Kidney Int. 2000;57:632–638
  9. Broch M, Gutierrez C, Aguilar C, Simon I, Richart C, Vendrell J. Genetic variation in promoter (4G/5G) of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 gene in type 2 diabetes-absence of relationship with microangiopathy. Diabetes Care. 1998;21:463
  10. Hoogeveen EK, Kostense PJ, Eysink PED, et al.  Hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with the presence of retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus—the Hoorn study. Arch. Int. Med. 2000;160:2984–2990
  11. Frosst P, Blom HJ, Milos R, et al.  A candidate genetic risk factor for vascular disease: a common mutation in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase. Nat. Genet. 1995;10:111–113
  12. Neugebauer S, Baba T, Kurokawa K, Watanabe T. Defective homocysteine metabolism as a risk factor for diabetic retinopathy. Lancet. 1997;349:473–474
  13. Leske MC, Wu SY, Hyman L, et al.  Diabetic retinopathy in a black population: the Barbados Eye study. Ophthalmology. 1999;106:1893–1899
  14. Lahiri DK, Nurnberger JI. A rapid non-enzimatic method for the preparation of HMW DNA from blood for RFLP studies. Nucleic Acids Res. 1991;19:5444
  15. Mansfield MW, Stickland MH, Grant PJ. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) promoter polymorphism and coronary artery disease in non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Thromb. Haemost. 1995;74:1032–1034

PII: S0168-8227(03)00112-8

doi: 10.1016/S0168-8227(03)00112-8

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
Volume 61, Issue 2 , Pages 133-136 , August 2003

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