Incidence and seasonal variation of Type 1 diabetes in children in Farwania area, Kuwait (1995–1999)

Abstract 

The aim of our study was to confirm the continuing rise in the incidence of Type 1 diabetes among Kuwaiti children aged 0–14, and to assess the effect of seasonality on incidence. Data from all newly diagnosed diabetic children between the period of 1995 and 1999 were analyzed. A total of 129 cases of Type 1 diabetes were diagnosed during the study period, of whom 68 were Kuwaiti nationals and were included in the study. The incidence was 20.18 per 100 000 (95% CI 16.3–28.2). Incidence rates for the age-groups 0–4, 5–9 and 10–14 were 8.12, 21.07 and 34.06, respectively. There was a significant female predominance (F:M ratio was 1.4:1, P<0.05). More cases were diagnosed in the cool months (November–February) compared with the warm months (June–September, P<0.05). There was increase in incidence from 1995 to 1999, but compared with data from the 1980s on the same age group, incidence has increased. A positive family history of Type 1 diabetes in a close relative was recorded for 30% of the patients. Although, only data from one hospital were included, Kuwait is very small geographically and not likely to have differences between different areas. Stress factors, economic growth, changes in the nutritional habits and the adoption of the western lifestyle may explain some of this increase.

Keywords:  Type 1 diabetes mellitus, Epidemiology, Incidence, Seasonality, Age at onset